SS-31
Compounded in a licensed US 503A pharmacy 🇺🇸
Mitochondrial-Targeted Research Peptide.
SS-31 (Elamipretide, Szeto-Schiller peptide 31) is a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) studied in bioenergetics, oxidative stress, and cardiolipin-interaction research. Laboratory researchers investigate its affinity for cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, its effects on electron transport chain efficiency, and its reduction of reactive oxygen species in in vitro and preclinical cellular stress models. It serves as a key tool compound in mitochondrial dysfunction research and is examined in aged and metabolically stressed cell line studies. Supplied as a stable lyophilized tetrapeptide of analytical purity for laboratory investigation only. Reconstitute under aseptic conditions and store at -80 degrees C.
- Mitochondrial research peptide
- Stable lyophilized powder
- Secure laboratory packaging
- Laboratory research only
Independently verified by Freedom Diagnostics via HPLC and mass spec. Every vial carries a unique accession number you can look up directly with the lab.
- 2-day shipping nationwide, flat $12.50
- Plain, discreet packaging. No product names on the outside.
- Tracking emailed the moment your order ships.
About SS-31
SS-31 (also known as D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 or Elamipretide in clinical research contexts) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) by interacting with cardiolipin, a phospholipid unique to the IMM that is essential for mitochondrial structure and the organization of the electron transport chain (ETC).
Research has established that SS-31 localizes to cardiolipin-rich microdomains of the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is studied for its effects on electron transport chain complex organization, mitochondrial cristae architecture, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The alternating cationic and aromatic residues in its sequence enable membrane association and antioxidant interactions.
SS-31 has been extensively investigated as a research tool in preclinical models of mitochondrial dysfunction, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, aging, heart failure, and neurodegenerative disease models. It is considered a valuable pharmacological probe for dissecting the role of cardiolipin and inner mitochondrial membrane integrity in cellular energy metabolism and oxidative stress.
Buy SS-31 online
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is in stock and available to buy online from Optimum ReGen Peptides — a real American research-peptide company with a physical storefront in Medford, Oregon, not an anonymous overseas dropshipper. Priced from $60, every order ships within two business days, flat $12.50 nationwide, in plain discreet packaging with tracking.
As your SS-31 supplier we back every batch with a third-party certificate of analysis and compound in a licensed US 503A pharmacy. Vials are supplied lyophilized at analytical purity for laboratory and research use only, not for human consumption.
Researched For
SS-31's cardiolipin-binding property makes it a key research tool for studying the structural organization of the inner mitochondrial membrane, cristae morphology, and the supramolecular assembly of ETC complexes in laboratory models.
Research has investigated SS-31's effects on mitochondrial ROS generation, examining how its association with the inner membrane influences electron leak from ETC complex I and complex III in cell culture and isolated mitochondria preparations.
Preclinical research has used SS-31 in cardiac, renal, and neurological ischemia-reperfusion models to examine the impact of mitochondrial protection on cell survival, organ function, and biomarkers of oxidative injury.
Investigators have studied SS-31 in models of heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy to examine how mitochondrial function and cardiolipin integrity relate to energetic deficits observed in these disease states.
Research has used SS-31 in aged animal models and senescent cell cultures to investigate whether restoring mitochondrial membrane integrity can reverse age-associated declines in bioenergetics and mitochondrial quality control processes.
How It Is Studied
In laboratory research, SS-31 is applied to isolated mitochondria preparations, cell cultures, or living cells to examine its effects on mitochondrial membrane potential (assessed by JC-1 or TMRE fluorescence), oxygen consumption rate (measured by Seahorse XF analysis), and ROS generation (measured by MitoSOX or analogous fluorescent probes).
Preclinical in vivo studies administer SS-31 to rodents before or after ischemic insults, measuring cardiac function by echocardiography and pressure-volume loop analysis, renal function by creatinine and BUN levels, and tissue histology to assess the extent of injury and any protective effects associated with treatment.
Biochemical studies use blue native PAGE and electron microscopy to examine ETC complex superassembly and cristae ultrastructure in mitochondria treated with SS-31, providing structural correlates for observed functional improvements in bioenergetics assays. Cardiolipin content and acyl chain composition are measured by mass spectrometry to characterize the lipid environment of the IMM.
Specifications
| Form | Lyophilized powder |
|---|---|
| Purity | >= 99% (HPLC) |
| Sequence | D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 |
| Molecular Formula | C32H49N9O5 |
| Molar Mass | 639.80 g/mol |
Storage & Handling
Lyophilized SS-31 should be stored at -20 °C in a sealed, desiccated vial protected from direct light. The lyophilized peptide is stable under these conditions for extended periods. For cell-based research, SS-31 is commonly reconstituted in sterile water, PBS, or DMSO (for hydrophobic assay contexts) to prepare stock solutions.
Reconstituted SS-31 solutions should be aliquoted into single-experiment volumes and stored at -80 °C if not used immediately. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can lead to peptide aggregation and loss of activity. Verify peptide integrity by HPLC for long-running research programs where stock stability is a concern.
Frequently Asked Questions
What makes SS-31 specific to mitochondria in research models?+
What is cardiolipin and why does its interaction with SS-31 matter in research?+
How does SS-31 relate to mitochondrial ROS research?+
In what preclinical disease models has SS-31 been studied?+
Is SS-31 approved for human use?+
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